Gabatarwa: Tsarin masana'antu nasamfuran filastikya ƙunshi matakai huɗu masu mahimmanci: ƙirƙira mold, jiyya a saman, bugu, da taro. Maganin saman wani yanki ne mai mahimmanci wanda ba makawa. Don inganta ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na sutura da kuma samar da tushe mai kyau don plating, tsarin da aka rigaya ya kasance ba makawa.
Pretreatment na saman kayan filastik
Yawanci ya haɗa da maganin rufewa da maganin plating. Gabaɗaya, robobi suna da babban digiri na crystallinity, ƙananan polarity ko babu polarity, da ƙarancin ƙarfi na saman ƙasa, wanda zai shafi mannewar shafi. Tunda filastik wani insulator ne wanda ba ya aiki, ba za'a iya sanya shi kai tsaye akan saman filastik ba bisa ga ƙayyadaddun tsarin aikin lantarki na gaba ɗaya. Sabili da haka, kafin jiyya na ƙasa, dole ne a aiwatar da pretreatment da ake buƙata don haɓaka ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na rufin da kuma samar da layin ƙasa mai gudanarwa tare da ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa mai kyau don plating.
Pretreatment na shafi
Pretreatment ya hada da dereasing na roba surface, watau tsaftace man fetur da saki wakili a saman, da kuma kunna filastik surface, domin inganta manne da shafi.
1. Degreasing
Degreesing nasamfuran filastik. Hakazalika da raguwar kayan ƙarfe, za a iya yin lalata kayan filastik ta hanyar tsaftacewa tare da kaushi na kwayoyin halitta ko ragewa tare da maganin ruwa na alkaline wanda ke dauke da surfactants. Ragewa tare da kaushi na halitta ya dace don tsaftace paraffin, ƙudan zuma, mai da sauran ƙazantattun kwayoyin halitta daga saman filastik. Maganin halitta da ake amfani da shi bai kamata ya narke, kumbura ko fashe robobin ba, kuma yana da ƙarancin tafasasshen zafi, ba shi da ƙarfi, mara guba kuma ba mai ƙonewa ba. Maganin ruwa na alkaline sun dace da rage alkali-resistant robobi. Maganin ya ƙunshi caustic soda, alkaline salts da daban-daban surfactants. Mafi yawan amfani da surfactant shine jerin OP, watau alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, wanda baya yin kumfa kuma baya zama a saman filastik.
2. Surface kunnawa
Wannan kunnawa shine don inganta abubuwan da ke saman robobi, wato, don samar da wasu rukunin polar akan saman filastik ko don daidaita shi ta yadda za'a iya jika rufin cikin sauƙi kuma a yi adsorbed a saman kayan aikin. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don jiyya kunnawa saman, kamar sinadarai iskar shaka, iskar shakar harshen wuta, sauran ƙarfi tururi etching da corona sallama oxidation. Mafi yawan amfani da shi shine maganin oxidation na sinadarai, wanda sau da yawa yana amfani da ruwa mai maganin chromic acid, kuma tsarinsa na yau da kullum shine 4.5% potassium dichromate, 8.0% ruwa, da 87.5% sulfuric acid (fiye da 96%).
Wasu samfuran filastik, irin su polystyrene da robobin ABS, ana iya shafa su kai tsaye ba tare da maganin iskar shaka ba. Domin samun babban inganci mai inganci, ana kuma amfani da maganin oxidation na sinadarai. Misali, bayan raguwa, ana iya yin filastik ABS tare da ruwa mai tsarma chromic acid. Tsarin magani na yau da kullun shine 420g/L chromic acid da 200ml/L sulfuric acid (na musamman nauyi 1.83). A hankula magani tsari ne 65 ℃70 ℃ / 5min10min, ruwa wanka, da bushewa. Amfanin etching tare da ruwan magani na chromic acid shine cewa komai sarkar sifar samfuran filastik, ana iya bi da shi daidai. Rashin lahani shine aikin yana da haɗari kuma akwai matsalolin gurɓataccen yanayi.
Pretreatment na shafi shafi
Manufar pretreatment na shafi shafi ne don inganta manne da shafi zuwa filastik surface da samar da wani conductive karfe kasa Layer a kan filastik surface. Tsarin pretreatment yafi hada da: inji roughening, sinadaran ragewa, sinadarai roughening, hankali jiyya, kunnawa jiyya, rage jiyya da sinadarai plating. Abubuwa uku na farko shine don inganta mannewar rufin, kuma abubuwa huɗu na ƙarshe shine su samar da ƙaramin ƙarfe na ƙasa.
1. Mechanical roughening da sinadaran roughening
Maganin roughening na injina da sinadarai shine su sanya filayen filastik rougher ta hanyoyin injina da hanyoyin sinadarai bi da bi don haɓaka wurin tuntuɓar da ke tsakanin rufin da ma'aunin. An yi imani da cewa ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa da za a iya samu ta hanyar roughening na inji shine kawai kashi 10% na roughening sinadaran.
2. Ciwon sinadarai
Hanyar ragewa don pretreatment na murfin filastik daidai yake da hanyar ragewa don pretreatment na shafi.
3. Hankali
Hankali shine azurta wasu sinadarai masu oxidized cikin sauƙi, kamar tin dichloride, titanium trichloride, da sauransu, akan saman robobi tare da takamaiman ƙarfin talla. Waɗannan abubuwan da aka ɗora su cikin sauƙin oxidized suna oxidized yayin jiyya na kunnawa, kuma an rage mai kunnawa zuwa ƙwayoyin kristal catalytic kuma ya kasance a saman samfurin. Matsayin wayar da kan jama'a shine aza harsashin ginin sinadari na gaba.
4. Kunnawa
Kunnawa shine don kula da farfajiyar da aka sani tare da taimakon maganin mahaɗan ƙarfe masu aiki da ƙarfi. Mahimmancinsa shine a nutsar da samfurin da aka tallata tare da wakili mai ragewa a cikin wani bayani mai ruwa wanda ya ƙunshi oxidant na gishirin ƙarfe mai daraja, don rage ions ƙarfe masu daraja ta S2 + n a matsayin oxidant, kuma an ajiye ƙananan ƙarfe mai daraja a kan surface na samfurin a cikin nau'i na colloidal barbashi, wanda yana da karfi catalytic aiki. Lokacin da aka nutsar da wannan saman a cikin maganin plating ɗin sinadarai, waɗannan ɓangarorin sun zama cibiyoyi masu ƙarfi, waɗanda ke haɓaka ƙimar ɗaukar sinadarai.
5. Rage maganin
Kafin sanyan sinadarai, samfuran da aka kunna kuma aka wanke su da ruwa mai tsabta ana nitse su a cikin wani ƙayyadaddun matakan rage yawan maganin da ake amfani da su a cikin plating ɗin sinadarai don ragewa da cire mai kunnawa da ba a wanke ba. Ana kiran wannan maganin ragewa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da jan ƙarfe na sinadarai, ana amfani da maganin formaldehyde don rage jiyya, kuma lokacin da aka sanya sinadarin nickel, ana amfani da maganin sodium hypophosphite don rage jiyya.
6. Kemikal plating
Manufar platin sinadarai ita ce samar da fim ɗin ƙarfe mai ɗaukar nauyi a saman samfuran filastik don ƙirƙirar yanayi don sanya shingen ƙarfe na samfuran filastik. Don haka, sanyawa sinadarai wani mahimmin mataki ne a cikin aikin lantarki na filastik.
Lokacin aikawa: Juni-13-2024