Okwu mmalite: Usoro mmepụta nkengwaahịa plastiktumadi na-agụnye usoro isi anọ: ịkpụzi ebu, ọgwụgwọ elu, mbipụta na mgbakọ. Ọgwụgwọ n'elu bụ akụkụ dị mkpa dị mkpa. Iji meziwanye ike njikọ nke mkpuchi ahụ ma nye ezigbo isi ihe na-eduzi maka plating, usoro ọgwụgwọ mbụ dị mkpa.
Pretreatment n'elu nke rọba ngwaahịa
Nke kachasị na-agụnye ọgwụgwọ mkpuchi na ọgwụgwọ plasta. N'ozuzu, plastik nwere nnukwu ogo kristal, obere polarity ma ọ bụ enweghị polarity, na ike dị ala, nke ga-emetụta nkwụsị nke mkpuchi. Ebe ọ bụ na plastik bụ ihe mkpuchi na-adịghị arụ ọrụ, a pụghị ịtinye ya ozugbo n'elu plastik dịka nkọwapụta usoro electroplating izugbe si dị. Ya mere, tupu ọgwụgwọ elu, a ga-emerịrị ọgwụgwọ dị mkpa iji meziwanye ike njikọ nke mkpuchi ahụ ma nye ihe mkpuchi ala na-eduzi ya na ike njikọ dị mma maka plating.
Pretreatment nke mkpuchi
Usoro ọgwụgwọ na-agụnye iwetu elu plastik, ya bụ, ihicha mmanụ na onye na-ahapụ ya n'elu, na ime ka elu plastik rụọ ọrụ, iji meziwanye nrapado nke mkpuchi ahụ.
1. Degreeasing
Iweda ala nkengwaahịa plastik. Dị ka ịkwatu ngwaahịa ọla, a na-eme ka ngwaahịa plastik dị ọcha site na ihicha ihe na-edozi ahụ ma ọ bụ na-ekpochapụ ihe ngwọta nke alkaline aqueous nwere surfactants. Iwetu ya na ihe mgbaze organic dabara adaba maka ihicha paraffin, beeswax, abụba na unyi ndị ọzọ sitere na plastik. Ihe mgbaze organic eji eme ihe ekwesịghị igbari, zaa ma ọ bụ gbawaa plastik, ma ọ nwere ebe na-esi ísì dị ala, na-agbanwe agbanwe, anaghị egbu egbu na enweghị ọkụ. Ihe ngwọta mmiri alkaline kwesịrị ekwesị maka imebi plastik na-eguzogide alkali. Ihe ngwọta nwere soda caustic, alkaline salts na dị iche iche surfactants. Ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ usoro OP, ya bụ alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, nke na-adịghị emepụta ụfụfụ ma ghara ịdịgide n'elu plastik.
2. Elu ịgbalite
Nke a na-arụ ọrụ bụ imeziwanye ihe ndị dị n'elu nke plastik, ya bụ, ịmepụta ụfọdụ polar dị iche iche n'elu plastik ma ọ bụ na-eme ka ọ dị nro nke mere na mkpuchi ahụ nwere ike ime ka ọ dịkwuo mfe wet na adsorbed n'elu nke workpiece. Enwere ọtụtụ ụzọ maka ọgwụgwọ ịgbalite elu, dị ka kemịkalụ oxidation, ire ọkụ oxidation, ihe mgbaze vapor etching na corona mkpofu oxidation. Nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe bụ ọgwụgwọ kristal oxidation, nke na-ejikarị mmiri ọgwụgwọ chromic acid eme ihe, na usoro ya bụ 4.5% potassium dichromate, 8.0% mmiri, na 87.5% sulfuric acid (karịa 96%).
Ụfọdụ ngwaahịa rọba, dị ka polystyrene na plastik ABS, nwere ike kpuchie ya na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ ọxịdashọn. Iji nweta mkpuchi dị elu, a na-ejikwa ọgwụgwọ oxidation chemical. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe emechara ya, ABS plastik nwere ike iji mmiri ọgwụgwọ chromic acid dilute. Usoro ọgwụgwọ ya bụ 420g/L chromic acid na 200ml/L sulfuric acid (ike ndọda 1.83). The ahụkarị ọgwụgwọ usoro bụ 65 ℃70 ℃ / 5min10min, mmiri ịsacha, na ihicha. Uru nke etching na chromic acid ọgwụgwọ mmiri mmiri bụ na n'agbanyeghị otú ụdị ngwaahịa rọba siri dị mgbagwoju anya, enwere ike ịgwọ ya nke ọma. Ihe ọghọm bụ na ọrụ ahụ dị ize ndụ na enwere nsogbu mmetọ.
Pretreatment nke mkpuchi mkpuchi
Nzube nke pretreatment nke mkpuchi mkpuchi bụ imeziwanye adhesion nke mkpuchi na plastic elu na-etolite a conductive metal ala oyi akwa n'elu plastic. Usoro pretreatment a tumadi gụnyere: n'ibu roughening, chemical degenreasing, chemical roughening, sensitization ọgwụgwọ, ebighị ọgwụgwọ, mbelata ọgwụgwọ na chemical plating. Ihe atọ ndị mbụ bụ iji meziwanye adhesion nke mkpuchi ahụ, na ihe anọ ikpeazụ ga-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na-eduzi ígwè dị n'okpuru ala.
1, Mechanical roughening na chemical roughening
Mechanical roughening na chemical roughening ọgwụgwọ na-eme ka plastic elu rougher site n'ibu usoro na kemịkal ụzọ n'otu n'otu na-amụba kọntaktị ebe n'etiti mkpuchi na mkpụrụ. A na-ekwenyekarị na ike njikọ nke enwere ike nweta site na nrụgharị igwe bụ naanị ihe dị ka 10% nke nke kemịkalụ roughening.
2. Chemical degenreasing
Usoro nbibi maka pretreatment nke mkpuchi elu plastik bụ otu ihe ahụ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mma.
3, Mmetụta
Mmetụta bụ ịgbasa ụfọdụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị mfe oxidized, dị ka tin dichloride, titanium trichloride, wdg, n'elu plastik nwere ụfọdụ ikike mgbasa ozi. A na-eme ka ihe ndị a na-eme ka ọ dị mfe oxidized n'oge ọgwụgwọ ọrụ, na onye na-eme ihe na-ebelata ka ọ bụrụ kristal catalytic ma nọgide na-adị n'elu ngwaahịa ahụ. Ọrụ nke nghọta bụ ịtọ ntọala maka oyi akwa metal na-esote kemịkalụ na-esote.
4, ịgbalite
Nkwalite bụ ịgwọ elu nwere uche site n'enyemaka nke ihe ngwọta nke ogige metal na-arụ ọrụ catalytically. Ihe kachasị mkpa bụ itinye ngwaahịa a na-etinye na onye na-ebelata ihe na-edozi ahụ n'ime mmiri mmiri nwere oxidant nke nnu metal dị oké ọnụ ahịa, nke mere na ion metal dị oké ọnụ ahịa na-ebelata site na S2 + n dị ka oxidant, ma na-edobe ọla dị oké ọnụ ahịa dị ala n'elu. elu nke ngwaahịa n'ụdị colloidal ahụ, nke nwere ọrụ catalytic siri ike. Mgbe a na-emikpu n'elu a n'ime ihe ngwọta nke kemịkalụ, ihe ndị a na-aghọ ebe a na-ahụ anya, nke na-eme ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mmeghachi omume nke plating kemịkal dị ngwa ngwa.
5. Mbelata ọgwụgwọ
Tupu ịtinye kemịkalụ, ngwaahịa ndị agbagoro ma jiri mmiri dị ọcha saa na-emikpu n'ime ụfọdụ ntinye nke mbelata ihe ngwọta nke a na-eji na plating kemịkalụ iji belata ma wepụ ihe na-eme ihe na-adịghị asacha. A na-akpọ nke a ọgwụgwọ mbelata. Mgbe a na-etinye ọla kọpa kemịkal, a na-eji ngwọta formaldehyde mee ihe maka ọgwụgwọ mbelata, na mgbe a na-etinye nickel kemịkal, a na-eji ngwọta sodium hypophosphite mee ihe maka ọgwụgwọ mbelata.
6. Chemical plating
Ebumnuche nke platining kemịkalụ bụ imepụta ihe nkiri igwe na-eduzi n'elu ngwaahịa rọba iji mepụta ọnọdụ maka itinye akwa metal nke ngwaahịa plastik. Ya mere, kemịkalụ plating bụ isi nzọụkwụ na plastic electroplating.
Oge nzipu: Jun-13-2024