Iriburiro: Gutera inshinge ninzira yambere mubikoresho byo kwisiga. Inzira ya mbere ni inshinge inshinge, igena neza ubwiza bwibicuruzwa n'umusaruro. Gushiraho uburyo bwo gutera inshinge bigomba gutekereza ku bintu 7 nko kugabanuka, gutemba, kristu, plastike itumva ubushyuhe hamwe na plastiki ya hydrolyzed byoroshye, gucika intege no gucika intege, imikorere yubushyuhe nigipimo cyo gukonjesha, hamwe no kwinjiza amazi. Iyi ngingo yanditswe nashanghai umukororombya. Sangira ibikubiye muri ibi bintu 7, kubisobanuro byinshuti zawe murwego rwo gutanga amasoko ya Youpin:
Gutera inshinge
Gutera inshinge, bizwi kandi nko gutera inshinge, nuburyo bwo kubumba buhuza inshinge. Ibyiza byo guterwa inshinge nuburyo bwihuse bwo gukora, gukora neza, imikorere irashobora kwikora, amabara atandukanye, imiterere irashobora kuva mubintu byoroshye kugeza bigoye, ingano irashobora kuva kuri nini kugeza kuri nto, kandi ubunini bwibicuruzwa nukuri, ibicuruzwa ni byoroshye kuvugurura, kandi birashobora gukorwa muburyo bugoye. Ibice hamwe no gutera inshinge birakwiriye kubyara umusaruro mwinshi no kubumba gutunganya nkibicuruzwa bifite imiterere igoye. Ku bushyuhe runaka, ibikoresho bya pulasitike bishongeshejwe rwose byashizwemo umugozi, bigaterwa mu cyuho cyumuvuduko mwinshi, hanyuma bikonjeshwa kandi bigakomera kugirango ubone ibicuruzwa bibumbabumbwe. Ubu buryo burakwiriye kubyara umusaruro wibice bifite imiterere igoye kandi ni bumwe muburyo bwingenzi bwo gutunganya.
01
Kugabanuka
Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku kugabanuka kwubushyuhe bwa thermoplastique nuburyo bukurikira:
1. igipimo ni Kinini, kugabanuka kurwego ni rugari, kandi icyerekezo kiragaragara. Byongeye kandi, kugabanuka nyuma yo kubumba, guhuza cyangwa gutondekanya ubushuhe muri rusange biruta ibya plastiki ya termosetting.
2) Ibiranga igice cya plastiki. Iyo ibikoresho bishongeshejwe bihuye nubuso bwurwobo, igice cyo hanze gihita gikonjeshwa kugirango kibe igikonjo gito. Bitewe nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro wa plastiki, igice cyimbere cyigice cya plastiki gikonjeshwa buhoro buhoro kugirango kibe umubyimba mwinshi cyane kandi ugabanuka. Kubwibyo, uburebure bwurukuta, gukonjesha buhoro, hamwe nubucucike bwurwego rwinshi bizagabanuka cyane.
Mubyongeyeho, kuba cyangwa kutaboneka kwinjizwamo hamwe nimiterere nubunini bwinjiza bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye icyerekezo cyibintu bigenda, gukwirakwiza ubwinshi no kugabanuka kugabanuka. Kubwibyo, ibiranga ibice bya pulasitike bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku kugabanuka no kuyobora.
3) Ibintu nkuburyo, ingano, nogukwirakwiza ibiryo byinjira bigira ingaruka muburyo butaziguye icyerekezo cyibintu bigenda, gukwirakwiza ubucucike, gukomeza umuvuduko no kugabanya ingaruka nigihe cyo kubumba. Ibyambu byo kugaburira no kugaburira ibyambu bifite ibice binini byambukiranya (cyane cyane ibice byambukiranya ibice) bifite kugabanuka gake ariko birayobora cyane, kandi ibyambu bigaburira bigufi bifite ubugari bugufi n'uburebure bifite icyerekezo gito. Ibiri hafi yo kugaburira ibiryo cyangwa kubangikanya nicyerekezo cyibintu bigenda bizagabanuka cyane.
4) Imiterere yububiko Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe buri hejuru, ibintu bishongeshejwe bikonja buhoro, ubucucike buri hejuru, kandi kugabanuka ni binini. Cyane cyane kubintu bya kristaline, kugabanuka ni byinshi kubera kristu nini kandi ihinduka ryinshi. Ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe bwububiko naryo rifitanye isano no gukonjesha imbere ninyuma hamwe nubucucike bwuburinganire bwigice cya plastiki, bigira ingaruka muburyo bunini no ku cyerekezo cyo kugabanuka kwa buri gice.
Byongeye kandi, gufata igitutu nigihe nabyo bigira uruhare runini mukugabanuka, kandi kugabanuka ni bito ariko icyerekezo ni kinini mugihe igitutu ari kinini kandi igihe ni kirekire. Umuvuduko w'inshinge ni mwinshi, itandukaniro rya viscosity itandukaniro ni rito, impagarara zoguhuza intera ni nto, kandi kugaruka kwa elastique nyuma yo kumeneka ni binini, bityo kugabanuka nabyo birashobora kugabanuka kubwinshi bukwiye. Ubushyuhe bwibintu buri hejuru, kugabanuka ni binini, ariko icyerekezo ni gito. Kubwibyo, guhindura ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, umuvuduko, umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge nigihe cyo gukonjesha mugihe cyo kubumba nabyo birashobora guhindura bikwiye kugabanuka kwigice cya plastiki.
Iyo utegura ibishushanyo, ukurikije igabanuka rya plastike zitandukanye, uburebure bwurukuta nuburyo bwigice cya plastiki, ingano nogukwirakwiza imiterere yinjira, igipimo cyo kugabanuka kwa buri gice cyigice cya plastiki kigenwa ukurikije uburambe, kandi noneho ingano ya cavity irabaze.
Kubice bya plastike bihanitse kandi mugihe bigoye kumva igipimo cyo kugabanuka, uburyo bukurikira bugomba gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gushushanya:
Fata igipimo gito cyo kugabanuka kumurambararo winyuma wigice cya plastiki, nigipimo kinini cyo kugabanuka kumurambararo wimbere, kugirango uve mucyumba cyo gukosorwa nyuma yikizamini.
Ibigeragezo byerekana imiterere, ingano nuburyo bwo gushiraho sisitemu yo kwinjira.
Ibice bya pulasitike bigomba gutunganywa nyuma yo gutunganywa nyuma yo gutunganywa kugirango hamenyekane impinduka zingana (gupima bigomba kuba nyuma yamasaha 24 nyuma yo kumanuka).
Kosora ifumbire ukurikije kugabanuka kwukuri.
Ongera usubiremo kandi uhindure muburyo bukwiye kugirango uhindure gato agaciro kagabanutse kugirango wuzuze ibisabwa igice cya plastiki.
02
amazi
1.
Uburemere buke bwa molekile, gukwirakwiza uburemere bwa molekuline, imiterere idahwitse ya molekuline isanzwe, icyerekezo kinini cyo gushonga, uburebure bwa spiral ndende, uburebure bugaragara bugaragara, umuvuduko mwinshi, umuvuduko mwiza, plastike ifite izina rimwe ryibicuruzwa bigomba kugenzura amabwiriza yabo kugirango umenye niba amazi yabo ari Gukoreshwa Kubumba inshinge.
Ukurikije ibishushanyo mbonera bisabwa, amazi ya plastiki akunze gukoreshwa arashobora kugabanywa mubice bitatu:
Amazi meza PA, PE, PS, PP, CA, poly (4) methylpentene;
Hagati ya fluidity Polystyrene ikurikirana (nka ABS, AS), PMMA, POM, polifhenylene ether;
PC fluidity PC, PVC ikomeye, polifhenylene ether, polysulfone, polyarylsulfone, fluoroplastique.
2) Amazi ya plastike atandukanye nayo arahinduka bitewe nibintu bitandukanye bibumbabumbwa. Ibintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka ni ibi bikurikira:
TemperatureUbushyuhe bukabije bwibintu byongera amazi, ariko plastiki zitandukanye zifite itandukaniro ryazo, nka PS (cyane cyane izifite imbaraga nyinshi zo guhangana ningaruka za MFR), PP, PA, PMMA, polystirene yahinduwe (nka ABS, AS) Amazi ya, PC , CA nibindi bya plastiki biratandukanye cyane nubushyuhe. Kuri PE na POM, ubushyuhe bwiyongera cyangwa kugabanuka ntacyo bihindura kumazi yabo. Kubwibyo, ibyambere bigomba guhindura ubushyuhe mugihe cyo kubumba kugirango bigenzure amazi.
HenIyo umuvuduko wo guterwa inshinge wiyongereye, ibikoresho bishongeshejwe bigira ingaruka zikomeye zo kogosha, kandi amazi nayo ariyongera, cyane cyane PE na POM bumva neza, bityo igitutu cyo gutera inshinge kigomba guhinduka kugirango kigenzure amazi mugihe cyo kubumba.
FormUburyo, ingano, imiterere, sisitemu yo gukonjesha igishushanyo mbonera, imiterere irwanya ibintu byashongeshejwe (nko kurangiza hejuru, ubunini bwigice cyumuyoboro, imiterere yu mwobo, sisitemu yo kuzimya) nibindi bintu bitaziguye bigira ingaruka kubintu byashongeshejwe mu cyuho Amazi yimbere imbere, niba ibikoresho bishongeshejwe bitezimbere kugirango ubushyuhe bugabanuke kandi byongere imbaraga zo guhangana n’amazi, amazi azagabanuka. Mugihe cyo gushushanya, hagomba gutoranywa imiterere ikwiye ukurikije amazi ya plastike yakoreshejwe.
Mugihe cyo kubumba, ubushyuhe bwibintu, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe, umuvuduko watewe, umuvuduko winshinge nibindi bintu nabyo birashobora kugenzurwa kugirango uhindure neza ibyuzuye kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo.
03
Crystallinity
Thermoplastique irashobora kugabanywa muri plastiki ya kristaline na plastiki itari kristaline (izwi kandi nka amorphous) ukurikije ko nta kristu yabyo mugihe cya kondegene.
Ikintu cyitwa kristalisiyonike bivuga ko iyo plastiki ihindutse ikava mumashanyarazi ikajya kumurongo, molekile zigenda zigenga kandi zimeze nabi. Molekile ihagarika kugenda yisanzuye, kanda ahabigenewe gato, kandi ifite imyumvire yo gukora molekile itunganijwe muburyo busanzwe. Iki kintu.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gusuzuma ubu bwoko bubiri bwa plastiki birashobora kugenwa nubucyo bwibice bya pulasitike byimbitse. Mubisanzwe, ibikoresho bya kristalline ntibisobanutse cyangwa bisobanutse (nka POM, nibindi), kandi ibikoresho bya amorphous biragaragara (nka PMMA, nibindi). Ariko hariho ibitemewe. Kurugero, poly (4) methylpentene ni plastiki ya kirisiti ariko ifite umucyo mwinshi, naho ABS ni ibikoresho bya amorphous ariko ntibigaragara.
Mugihe utegura ibishushanyo no guhitamo imashini zitera inshinge, witondere ibisabwa bikurikira hamwe nuburyo bwo kwirinda plastike ya kristu:
Ubushyuhe bukenewe kugirango ubushyuhe bwibintu bugere ku bushyuhe bwo gukora busaba ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi harasabwa ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi bunini bwa plastike.
Ubushyuhe bwinshi burekurwa mugihe cyo gukonjesha no guhinduka, bityo bigomba gukonjeshwa bihagije.
Itandukaniro ryihariye rya rukuruzi hagati ya leta yashongeshejwe hamwe na leta ikomeye ni nini, kugabanuka kubumba ni binini, kandi kugabanuka no gusiba bikunda kubaho.
Gukonjesha byihuse, kristu ntoya, kugabanuka gato no gukorera mu mucyo. Crystallinite ifitanye isano nubunini bwurukuta rwigice cya plastiki, kandi ubugari bwurukuta butinda gukonja, kristu ni ndende, kugabanuka ni binini, kandi nibintu bifatika nibyiza. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe bwububiko bwibikoresho bya kristalline bigomba kugenzurwa nkuko bisabwa.
Anisotropy irahambaye kandi guhangayika imbere ni binini. Molekile idashizwemo nyuma yo kumeneka ifite imyumvire yo gukomeza korohereza, iri mu busumbane bw’ingufu, kandi ikunda guhinduka no kurwana.
Ubushyuhe bwa kirisitiya buragufi, kandi biroroshye gutera ibintu bidashongeshejwe guterwa mubibumbano cyangwa guhagarika icyambu.
04
Ubushyuhe bworoshye-plastike hamwe na plastiki hydrolyzed byoroshye
1) Ubushyuhe bukabije bivuze ko plastiki zimwe zumva ubushyuhe. Bazashyuha igihe kinini mubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa igice cyo gufungura ibiryo ni gito cyane. Iyo ingaruka zo gukata ari nini, ubushyuhe bwibintu buziyongera byoroshye gutera ibara, kwangirika no kubora. Ibiranga plastike byitwa plastiki itumva ubushyuhe.
Nka PVC ikomeye, polyvinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate copolymer, POM, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, nibindi nibindi. By'umwihariko, imyuka imwe yangirika igira ingaruka mbi, zibora cyangwa uburozi kumubiri wumuntu, ibikoresho, hamwe nububiko.
Kubwibyo, hagomba kwitonderwa kubishushanyo mbonera, guhitamo imashini itoranya imashini no kubumba. Imashini ibumba inshinge igomba gukoreshwa. Igice cya sisitemu yo gusuka kigomba kuba kinini. Ibumba na barrale bigomba kuba bikozwe muri chrome. Ongeraho stabilisateur kugirango ugabanye ubushyuhe bwayo.
2) Nubwo plastike zimwe na zimwe (nka PC) zirimo amazi make, zizabora munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi. Uyu mutungo witwa hydrolysis yoroshye, igomba gushyuha no gukama mbere.
05
Guhangayikishwa no gucika
1) Plastike zimwe zumva guhangayika. Bakunda guhangayikishwa imbere mugihe cyo kubumba kandi biroroshye kandi byoroshye gucika. Ibice bya plastiki bizacika munsi yimbaraga ziva hanze cyangwa solvent.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, usibye kongeramo inyongeramusaruro kubikoresho fatizo kugirango hongerwe imbaraga zo guhangana, hakwiye kwitabwaho no kumisha ibikoresho fatizo, kandi uburyo bwo kubumba bugomba gutoranywa neza kugirango bigabanye imihangayiko yimbere kandi byongere imbaraga zo guhangana. Kandi ugomba guhitamo imiterere iboneye yibice bya pulasitike, ntibikwiye ko ushiramo insimburangingo nizindi ngamba zo kugabanya imihangayiko.
Mugihe cyo gushushanya ibishushanyo, impande zimanikwa zigomba kongerwa, kandi hagomba guhitamo uburyo bwo kugaburira ibiryo byinjira no gusohora. Ubushyuhe bwibintu, ubushyuhe bwibumba, igitutu cyo gutera inshinge nigihe cyo gukonjesha bigomba guhindurwa uko bikwiye mugihe cyo kubumba, kandi ukagerageza kwirinda kumeneka mugihe igice cya plastiki gikonje cyane kandi cyoroshye, Nyuma yo kubumba, ibice bya plastiki nabyo bigomba gukorerwa nyuma yubuvuzi kugirango bitezimbere gucika intege, gukuraho imihangayiko yimbere no kubuza guhura numuti.
) ibintu bifatika byigice cya plastiki. Kubwibyo, mugihe uhitamo polymers ifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo gutemba, kwambukiranya igice cya nozzle, kwiruka, no gufungura ibiryo bigomba kongerwa kugirango bigabanye umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge no kongera ubushyuhe bwibintu.
06
Imikorere yubushyuhe nigipimo cyo gukonjesha
1) Plastiki zitandukanye zifite imiterere itandukanye yubushyuhe nkubushyuhe bwihariye, ubushyuhe bwumuriro, nubushyuhe bwo kugoreka ubushyuhe. Gukoresha plastike hamwe nubushyuhe bwihariye busaba ubushyuhe bwinshi, kandi hagomba gukoreshwa imashini ibumba inshinge ifite ubushobozi bunini bwa plastike. Igihe cyo gukonjesha cya plastiki hamwe nubushyuhe bwo kugoreka ubushyuhe burashobora kuba bugufi kandi demoulding ikiri kare, ariko guhindura ubukonje bigomba gukumirwa nyuma yo kumeneka.
Plastike ifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro ifite umuvuduko ukonje (nka ionic polymers, nibindi), bityo igomba gukonjeshwa bihagije kugirango byongere ingaruka zo gukonjesha. Amashanyarazi ashyushye akwiranye na plastiki hamwe nubushyuhe buke bwihariye hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi. Plastike ifite ubushyuhe bunini bwihariye, ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, ubushyuhe buke bwo guhindura ubushyuhe, nigipimo cyo gukonjesha buhoro ntabwo bifasha kubumba byihuse. Imashini zikwiye zo gutera inshinge hamwe nogukonjesha gukonjesha bigomba guhitamo.
2) Plastike zitandukanye zirasabwa gukomeza igipimo gikonje gikwiye ukurikije ubwoko bwazo, ibiranga nuburyo bwibice bya plastiki. Kubwibyo, ifumbire igomba kuba ifite sisitemu yo gushyushya no gukonjesha ukurikije ibisabwa kugirango ibungabunge ubushyuhe runaka. Iyo ubushyuhe bwibintu bwongereye ubushyuhe bwububiko, bugomba gukonjeshwa kugirango birinde igice cya plastiki kidahinduka nyuma yo kumeneka, kugabanya ukwezi, no kugabanya kristu.
Iyo ubushyuhe bwimyanda ya pulasitike budahagije kugirango ubushyuhe bugumane ubushyuhe runaka, ifumbire igomba kuba ifite uburyo bwo gushyushya kugirango ubushyuhe bugumane ubushyuhe runaka kugirango igabanye ubukonje, itume amazi atemba, atezimbere ibintu byuzuye cyangwa agenzure plastike ibice kugirango bikonje buhoro. Irinde gukonjesha kutaringaniye imbere no hanze y’ibice bya pulasitike byimbitse kandi wongere ububobere.
Kubafite amazi meza, ahantu hanini cyane, hamwe nubushyuhe bwibintu bitaringaniye, bitewe nuburyo bwo kubumba ibice bya plastiki, rimwe na rimwe bigomba gushyuha cyangwa gukonjeshwa ubundi cyangwa gushyuha no gukonjeshwa. Kugirango bigerweho, ifumbire igomba kuba ifite sisitemu yo gukonjesha cyangwa gushyushya.
07
Hygroscopicity
Kuberako hari inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye muri plastiki, zituma zigira urwego rutandukanye rwubushuhe bwubushuhe, plastike irashobora kugabanywa mubice bibiri: kwinjiza amazi, gufata neza, hamwe no kudakurura hamwe nubushuhe butari inkoni. Ibiri mumazi mubikoresho bigomba kugenzurwa murwego rwemewe. Bitabaye ibyo, ubuhehere buzahinduka gaze cyangwa hydrolyze munsi yubushyuhe bwinshi n’umuvuduko mwinshi, bizatera resin ifuro, igabanye amazi, kandi ifite isura mbi nuburyo bwa mashini.
Kubwibyo, plastiki ya hygroscopique igomba gushyukwa nuburyo bukwiye bwo gushyushya nibisobanuro bisabwa kugirango hirindwe kongera gutwarwa nubushuhe mugihe cyo kuyikoresha.
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