Izixhobo zokupakisha ze-cosmetic ikakhulu ziiplastiki, iglasi kunye nephepha. Ngexesha lokusetyenziswa, ukulungisa nokugcinwa kweeplasitiki, ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo zangaphandle ezifana nokukhanya, ioksijini, ubushushu, i-radiation, ivumba, lukhokelela ekuphulukaneni kwabo Iipropathi zoqobo. Le phenomeno ibizwa ngokuba yaluphala. Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo zeplastikiweyo zeplastiki, utshintsho kwiipropathi zomzimba, utshintsho kwiipropathi zoomatshini kunye notshintsho kwiipropathi zombane.
I-1. Imvelaphi ye-Aulting yeplastiki
Kubomi bethu, ezinye iimveliso zityhilelwe ngokungathandabuzekiyo ukukhanya, kwaye ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet ekukhanyiseni ilanga, inamba imvula kunye nombethe, kuya kubangela ukuba imveliso ibe yilahleko enjengelukhuni, iqhekeza, inyamakazi, kunye I-POPCELS. Ukukhanya kwelanga kunye nokufuma ukubaluleka kwezinto eziphambili ezenza ukwanda kwezinto. Ukukhanya kwelanga kunokubangela izixhobo ezininzi zokuphelisa, ezinxulumene nemvakalelo kunye nemvakalelo yezixhobo. Isixhobo ngasinye siphendula ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwi-spectrum.
Ezona zinto ziqhelekileyo zokwaluphala zeplastiki kwindawo yendalo bubushushu kunye nokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, kuba indalo iveliswe kakhulu kukubekwa ubushushu kunye nokukhanya kwelanga (ukukhanya kwelanga). Ukufundisisa ukwaluphala kweeplastiki ezibangelwa zezi ntlobo zimbini zemeko kubaluleke kakhulu kwezona ndawo zisebenzayo. Uvavanyo lwayo olulupheleyo lunokwenziwa malunga nezigaba ezimbini: ukuvezwa kwangaphandle kunye nelabhoratri ekhawulezileyo yokuqalisa.
Ngaphambi kokuba imveliso ibekwe kwindawo enkulu, ulingo lokukhanya kokukhanya kufuneka lwenziwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukunganyangeki kwawo gadalala. Nangona kunjalo, ukwaluphala kwendalo kunokuthatha iminyaka eliqela okanye ixesha elide ukubona iziphumo, ngokucacileyo azingqinelani nemveliso yokwenene. Ngapha koko, iimeko zemozulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zahlukile. Izinto ezifanayo zovavanyo kufuneka zivavanywe kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ezinyusa kakhulu iindleko zovavanyo.
2. Uvavanyo lokuvezwa kwangaphandle
Ukuvezwa okungaphandle komlomo kubhekiswa ekuvezweni ngokuthe ngqo kwilanga kunye nezinye iimeko zemozulu. Yeyona ndlela ngqo yokuvavanya ukumelana kwemozulu ye-plasitics.
Izibonelelo:
Ixabiso eliphantsi elipheleleyo
Ukungqinelana okuhle
Ilula kwaye kulula ukusebenza
Izinto ezingalunganga:
Ngokwesiqhelo kumjikelo omde kakhulu
Ukwahluka kwemozulu yehlabathi
Iisampulu ezahlukeneyo zinemvakalelo eyahlukileyo kwiimozulu ezahlukeneyo
I-3. I-Labhoratri ekhawulezileyo yokuvavanya
I-Laboratory Shoratory Lightung Augaraction ayinakumnquma umjikelo, kodwa ikwanokuphindaphindiso olufanelekileyo kunye noluhlu lwesicelo ngokubanzi. Igqityiwe elabhoratri kuyo yonke le nkqubo, ngaphandle kokuqwalaselwa kwezithintelo zendawo, kwaye kulula ukusebenza kwaye inolawulo oluqinileyo. Ukufaka isimo sendalo esibonakalayo kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela zokukhanya okukhawulezileyo zokukhanya kunokufezekisa injongo yokuvavanya ngokukhawuleza intsebenzo yezinto ezibonakalayo. Iindlela eziphambili ezisetyenziswayo zi-Istraviolet ukukhanya, i-Xenon Lamp yovavanyo lokuvavanywa kunye ne-carbon arc.
1. I-xenon yokukhanya
Uvavanyo lwe-Xenon Lamp yovavanyo luvavanyo oluvavanya i-spectrium epheleleyo. I-Xenon Lamp yoVavanyo loVavanyo linokulinganisa imeko yendalo ngexesha elifutshane. Yindlela ebalulekileyo kwiifomula zesikrini kwaye isebenze ngokwakhe imveliso kwinkqubo yophando lwezenzululwazi kunye nemveliso, kwaye ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yovavanyo lomgangatho wemveliso.
Idatha yovavanyo lwe-Xenon Lamp yokuhlola i-Xenon Law inokunceda ukukhetha izixhobo ezitsha, ukutshintsha izixhobo ezikhoyo, kwaye uphonononge indlela iifomula ezichaphazela ngayo ukuqina kweemveliso
Umgaqo esisiseko: Igumbi lokuvavanywa kwe-Xenon Lawembune isebenzisa i-Xenon Lamps ukulinganisa imiphumo yokukhanya kwelanga, kwaye isebenzise umswakama oqinisekileyo wokulinganisa imvula kunye nombethe. Izinto ezivavanyiweyo zibekwe kumjikelo wokutshintsha kunye nokufuma kwiqondo lobushushu lokuvavanywa, kwaye zinokuvelisa ingozi kwiinyanga okanye kwiiveki ezimbalwa.
Isicelo sovavanyo:
Inokubonelela ngeemvavanyo ezifanayo zokusingqongileyo kunye neemvavanyo ezikhawulezileyo zophando lwezenzululwazi, uphuhliso lwemveliso kunye nolawulo oluphambili.
Ingasetyenziselwa ukukhetha izixhobo ezintsha, ukuphuculwa kwezinto ezikhoyo okanye uhlolo lwezinto eziphilayo emva kotshintsho ekufumaneni izinto ezibonakalayo.
Inokulinganisa utshintsho olungelwe zizixhobo ezichazwe kwilanga phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo.
I-2. Uv u-Uv Fluorescent
Uvavanyo lokuvavanya i-UV ikakhulu lucima isiphumo sokonakaliswa kwe-UV ukukhanya kwelanga kwimveliso. Kwangelo xesha, inokuvelisa kwakhona umonakalo obangelwe yimvula kunye nombethe. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngokubhenca umxholo oza kuvavanywa kumjikelo olawulekayo wokukhanya kwelanga kunye nokufuma ngelixa unyusa amaqondo obushushu. I-Ultraviolet Lampscent Lamps isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukukhanya kwelanga, kwaye impembelelo yomanzi nayo inokuphikiswa ngokunyaniseka okanye ukutshiza.
Isibane se-Fluorescent UV sisibane soxinzelelo olusezantsi lwe-254nm. Ngenxa yokongezwa kwe-phosphorus prophorus ukuguqula ibe ye-waveExt ye-WaveExth, ukusasazwa kwamandla kwisibane se-Fluorescent IV kuxhomekeka kwi-phosphorius and the tyup tyhente. Izibane zeFluorescent zidla ngokwahlulahlulwe zangaphantsi kwe-UVA kunye ne-UVB. Isicelo sokuveza izinto ezibonakalayo sithintela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwesibane se-UV kufuneka sisetyenziswe.
I-3. I-Carbon Arc Lamp yokukhanya
I-Carbon Lamp ye-ARC yitekhnoloji endala. Isixhobo se-ARC se-ARC sasisetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa ngamaJamani i-shemists ukuba ihlole ngokukhawuleza ukukhanya kweedyokhwe. Izibane ze-ARC ze-Arc zahlulahlulwe zaba zizithuba ezivaliweyo nezivulelekileyo ze-ARC. Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lohlobo lwe-Arbn Arc Arc, imbonakalo yalo yahluke ngokupheleleyo kwi-spectrum yokukhanya kwelanga. Ngenxa yembali ende yolu teknoloji yeprojekthi, itekhnoloji yokuqala yokwaluphala isetyenziselwe esi sixhobo, ke le ndlela isenokubonwa kwimigangatho yangaphambi kokuba i-PARBON Arc, i-Carc Arc ye-Arc yayihlala isetyenziswa njengokukhanya okuphezulu Indlela yokuvavanya ukwaluphala.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: AUG-20-2024