Intshayelelo: Inkqubo yokwenziwa kweiimveliso zeplastikiikakhulu ibandakanya iinkqubo ezine eziphambili: ukubunjwa ngundo, unyango umphezulu, ushicilelo, kunye nokuhlanganisa. Unyango lomphezulu yinxalenye ebalulekileyo eyimfuneko. Ukuze kuphuculwe amandla okubopha i-coating kunye nokubonelela ngesiseko esilungileyo sokuqhuba i-plating, inkqubo yonyango yangaphambili iyimfuneko.
Ukulungiswa kwangaphambili kweemveliso zeplastiki
Ikakhulu ibandakanya unyango lokutyabeka kunye nonyango lokutyabeka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iiplastiki zinezinga elikhulu le-crystallinity, i-polarity encinci okanye akukho polarity, kunye namandla aphantsi komhlaba, okuya kuchaphazela ukunamathela kwengubo. Ekubeni iplastiki yi-insulator engaqhubekiyo, ayikwazi ukufakwa ngokuthe ngqo kumphezulu weplastiki ngokwemigaqo yenkqubo ye-electroplating ngokubanzi. Ke ngoko, ngaphambi konyango lomphezulu, kufuneka kuqhutywe kwangaphambili unyango oluyimfuneko ukuze kuphuculwe amandla okudibanisa okugqumayo kunye nokubonelela ngomgangatho ophantsi oqhubayo kunye namandla okubopha okuhle kokutyalwa.
Unyango lwangaphambili lokwaleka
Unyango lwangaphambili lubandakanya ukucolwa komphezulu weplastiki, oko kukuthi, ukucoca i-oyile kunye ne-arhente yokukhulula ngaphezulu, kunye nokuvula umphezulu weplastiki, ukuze kuphuculwe ukunamathela kwengubo.
1, Ukwehlisa igrisi
Ukunciphisa amafuthaiimveliso zeplastiki. Ngokufana nokuhlanjululwa kweemveliso zetsimbi, ukuchithwa kweemveliso zeplastiki kunokwenziwa ngokucoca ngee-solvents eziphilayo okanye ukuhlanjululwa kunye nezisombululo ze-alkaline ezinamanzi ezinama-surfactants. Ukucoca ngezinyibilikisi zendalo kulungele ukucoca iparafini, i-bewax, amanqatha kunye nobunye ubumdaka obuvela kumphezulu weplastiki. I-solvent ye-organic esetyenzisiweyo akufanele incibilike, idumbe okanye iqhekeze iplastiki, kwaye inendawo yokubilisa ephantsi, iguquguqukayo, ayinabungozi kwaye ayinakutsha. Izisombululo ezinamanzi ealkaline zifanelekile ukuthotywa kweplastiki ekwazi ukumelana nealkali. Isisombululo siqulethe i-caustic soda, iityuwa ze-alkaline kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-surfactants. Eyona isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-surfactant luchungechunge lwe-OP, oko kukuthi i-alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, engenzi i-foam kwaye engahlali kumphezulu weplastiki.
2, ukusebenza komphezulu
Oku kusebenze kukuphucula iipropati zomphezulu weplastiki, oko kukuthi, ukuvelisa amaqela athile e-polar kumphezulu weplastiki okanye ukuwenza ube rhabaxa ukuze i-coating ibe nokumanziswa ngokulula kwaye ibhengezwe kumphezulu we-workpiece. Zininzi iindlela zokwenza kusebenze umphezulu wonyango, ezifana ne-chemical oxidation, i-oxidation yedangatye, i-solvent etching yomphunga kunye ne-corona discharge oxidation. Eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu yikhemikhali yonyango lwe-crystal oxidation, ehlala isebenzisa ulwelo lonyango lwe-chromic acid, kwaye ifomula yayo eqhelekileyo yi-4.5% ye-potassium dichromate, i-8.0% yamanzi, kunye ne-87.5% egxininisiweyo ye-sulfuric acid (ngaphezu kwe-96%).
Ezinye iimveliso zeplastiki, ezifana ne-polystyrene kunye neeplastiki ze-ABS, zinokugquma ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle konyango lwe-chemical oxidation. Ukuze ufumane i-coating ephezulu, unyango lwe-chemical oxidation luyasetyenziswa. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokunciphisa, iplastiki ye-ABS inokufakwa nge-dilute chromic acid yolwelo lonyango. Ifomula yayo yonyango eqhelekileyo yi-420g / L i-chromic acid kunye ne-200ml / L sulfuric acid (i-gravity ethile 1.83). Inkqubo yonyango eqhelekileyo yi-65℃70℃/5min10min, ukuhlamba amanzi, nokomiswa. Inzuzo ye-etching kunye ne-chromic acid yolwelo lonyango kukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba i-milo yeplastiki inzima kangakanani, inokunyangwa ngokulinganayo. Ububi kukuba umsebenzi unobungozi kwaye kukho iingxaki zongcoliseko.
Ukunyangwa kwangaphambili kwengubo yokwaleka
Injongo yonyango lwangaphambili lwengubo yokwaleka kukuphucula ukuncamathela kokugquma kumphezulu weplastiki kunye nokwenza umaleko wentsimbi oqhubayo kumphezulu weplastiki. Inkqubo yonyango lwangaphambili ikakhulu ibandakanya: ukwenziwa rhabaxa ngoomatshini, ukucocwa kweekhemikhali, ukucocwa kweekhemikhali, ukunyangwa kwe-sensitization, unyango lokuvula, unyango lokunciphisa kunye nokufakwa kweekhemikhali. Izinto ezintathu zokuqala kukuphucula ukunamathela kwengubo, kwaye izinto ezine zokugqibela zenze i-metal conductive layer.
1, Ukwenziwa roughening koomatshini kunye nokurhabaxa kweekhemikhali
Ukwenziwa rhabaxa koomatshini kunye nonyango lokurhaxakaliswa kweekhemikhali kukwenza umphezulu weplastiki ube rhabaxa ngeendlela zoomatshini kunye neendlela zekhemikhali ngokulandelelana ukunyusa indawo yoqhagamshelwano phakathi kwengubo kunye ne-substrate. Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholeleka ukuba amandla okudibanisa anokuzuzwa ngokurhangqa ngoomatshini amalunga ne-10% kuphela yaloo machiza.
2, Ukunciphisa iChemical degreasing
Indlela yokunciphisa igrisi yonyango lwangaphambili lweplastiki yokwambathisa iyafana nendlela yokwehlisa igrisi yonyango lwangaphambili.
3, Uvakalelo
Uvakalelo kukubhengeza ezinye izinto ezixutywe lula, ezifana netin dichloride, titanium trichloride, njl. Ezi zinto ze-adsorbed ezi-oxidized ngokulula zixutywe nge-oxidized ngexesha lonyango lokuvuselela, kwaye i-activator iyancitshiswa ibe yi-catalytic crystal nuclei kwaye ihlala phezu kwemveliso. Indima ye-sensitization kukubeka isiseko somgangatho olandelayo wekhemikhali yokucwenga isinyithi.
4. Ukuvula
Ukusebenza kukuphatha indawo ephuculweyo ngoncedo lwesisombululo se-catalytically active compounds metal compounds. Undoqo wayo kukuntywilisela imveliso edityanisiweyo kunye ne-arhente yokunciphisa kwisisombululo esinamanzi esine-oxidant yetyuwa yentsimbi exabisekileyo, ukuze i-ion zentsimbi ezixabisekileyo zincitshiswe yi-S2 + n njenge-oxidant, kwaye isinyithi esinqabileyo esincitshisiweyo sifakwe kwi-oxidant. umphezulu wemveliso ngendlela ye-colloidal particles, enomsebenzi oqinileyo we-catalytic. Xa lo mphezulu untywiliselwa kwisisombululo semichiza, la masuntswana aba ngamaziko e-catalytic, akhawulezisa ireyithi yokusabela kwi-chemical plating.
5, Unyango lokunciphisa
Ngaphambi kokutyalwa kweekhemikhali, iimveliso eziye zasebenza kwaye zahlanjwa ngamanzi acocekileyo zintywiliselwa kugxininiso oluthile lokunciphisa isisombululo se-agent esetyenziswe kwi-chemical plating ukunciphisa kunye nokususa i-activator engahlanjwanga. Oku kubizwa ngokuba lunyango lokunciphisa. Xa iikhemikhali zethusi zixutywe, isisombululo se-formaldehyde sisetyenziselwa unyango lokunciphisa, kwaye xa i-chemical nickel ifakwe, isisombululo se-sodium hypophosphite sisetyenziselwa unyango lokunciphisa.
6. Ukufakwa kweekhemikhali
Injongo yokufakwa kweekhemikhali kukwenza ifilimu yentsimbi eqhubayo kumphezulu weemveliso zeplastiki ukwenza iimeko zokubeka i-electroplating umaleko wesinyithi weemveliso zeplastiki. Ke ngoko, ukufakwa kweekhemikhali linyathelo eliphambili kwi-electroplating yeplastiki.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-13-2024