Isingeniso: Ukubumba kokujova kuyinqubo eyinhloko yezinto zokufaka izimonyo. Inqubo yokuqala imvamisa yokubumba, okunquma ngqo ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokukhiqiza. Ukusethwa kwenqubo yokubumba umjovo kufanele kucatshangelwe izici eziyi-7 ezifana ne-shrinkage, i-fluority, i-crystaltaltity, amapulasitiki athambile kanye namapulasitiki anciphile kalula, ukusebenza kwengcindezi kanye nokuphola. Lo mbhalo ubhalwe nguIphakethe le-Shanghai Rainbow. Yabelana ngokuqukethwe okufanele kwalezi zinto eziyi-7, ngereferensi yabangani bakho ku-Supply Chain of Youpin:
Ukubumba komjovo
Ukubumba komjovo, owaziwa nangokuthi ukugokula komjovo, kuyindlela yokubumba ehlanganisa umjovo nokubumba. Izinzuzo ze-Ingisection Ukubumba Indlela yokukhiqiza ngokushesha, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukusebenza kungazenzakalela, imibala ehlukahlukene, amajamo angaba ngokulula kuya kwezincane, futhi usayizi womkhiqizo unembile, umkhiqizo Kulula ukuvuselela, futhi kungenziwa bobunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi. Izingxenye nokubumba izingxenye zilungele ukukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi kanye nezinkundla zokucubungula ezifana nemikhiqizo enobukhulu obuyinkimbinkimbi. Kumazinga okushisa athile, impahla ecwebezelwe ngokuphelele yepulasitiki ivuselelwa isikulufa, ifakwe emgodini wokulwa ngengcindezelo ephezulu, futhi ipholile futhi iqinile ukuthola umkhiqizo obunjiwe. Le ndlela ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi izingxenye ezinobukhulu obuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kungenye yezindlela ezibalulekile zokucubungula.
01
Shrinkage
Izici ezithinta i-shrinkage yokubumba kwe-thermoplastic zimi ngalendlela elandelayo:
1) Izinhlobo zepulasitiki: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokubumba ye-thermoplastic plastistics, kusenezinguquko zevolumu ezibangelwa yi-crystallization, ukucindezelwa okuqinile kwangaphakathi, ukucindezelwa okukhulu kwama-molecular kanye nezinye izinto, ngokuqhathaniswa ne-thermoset plastics, i-shrinka Ukukala kukhula, uhla lwe-shrinkage lubanzi, futhi ukuqondiswa kusobala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-shrinkage ngemuva kokubumba, ukufakwa kwezimo noma umswakama noma umswakama kuvame kakhulu kunaleyo yamapulasitiki ashisayo.
2) Izici zengxenye yepulasitiki. Lapho izinto ezincibilikisiwe zithintana nobuso be-cavity, ungqimba lwangaphandle lupholile ngokushesha ukwakha igobolondo eliqinile eliqinile. Ngenxa yokuvuselelwa kwepulasitiki okuhle, ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwengxenye yepulasitiki lupholile kancane ukwakha isendlalelo esiqinile esiqinile nge-shrinkage enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bodonga, ukupholisa kancane, nobukhulu obukhulu obukhulu buzoncipha ngaphezulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kokufakwa kanye nokwakheka kanye nenani lokufakwa okuthinta ngqo ukuqondiswa kokugeleza okubonakalayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwe-density kanye nokuphikiswa okushisayo. Ngakho-ke, izici zezingxenye zepulasitiki zinomthelela omkhulu ku-shrinkage nokuqondiswa.
3) Factors such as the form, size, and distribution of the feed inlet directly affect the direction of material flow, density distribution, pressure maintaining and shrinking effect and molding time. Amachweba okuphakelayo aqondile kanye namachweba okuphakelayo anezingxenye ezinkulu zesiphambano (ikakhulukazi ama-swerer cross-purts) ane-shrinkage encane kepha aqondiswe kakhulu, kanye namachweba okuphakelayo amafushane anokuqondiswa okufushane nobude kunokuqondiswa okuncane. Labo abasondelene nokudla okuphakelayo noma ukufana kokuqondisa kokugeleza okubonakalayo kuzoncipha ngaphezulu.
4) Izimo Zokubumba Ukushisa okubumba kuphezulu, izimboni ezincibilikisiwe ziphola kancane, ubuningi buphakeme, futhi i-shrinkage inkulu. Ikakhulu ngokwezinto ze-crystalline, i-shrinkage inkulu ngenxa ye-crystallity ephezulu kanye nezinguquko ezinkulu zevolumu. Ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okudala kuhlobene nokupholisa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kokuphola nobukhulu bengxenye yepulasitiki, ethinta ngqo usayizi nokuqondisa kweShrinkage yengxenye ngayinye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubamba ingcindezi nesikhathi futhi kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuqothulweni, futhi ukuncipha kuncane kepha ukuqondiswa kukhulu lapho ingcindezi iphakeme futhi isikhathi eside. Ukucindezela komjovo kuphakeme, umehluko we-memert umehluko mncane, ukucindezelwa kwe-interlayer shear mncane, futhi ukubuyiselwa kabusha kwe-elastic ngemuva kokubamba kukhulu, ngakho-ke i-shrinkage nayo ingancishiswa ngenani elifanele. Izinga lokushisa elibonakalayo liphezulu, i-shrinkage inkulu, kepha ukuqondiswa kuncane. Ngakho-ke, ukulungisa izinga lokushisa okubumba, ingcindezi, isivinini somlingo nesikhathi sokupholisa ngesikhathi sokubumba kungashintsha ngokufanelekile kwe-shrinkage yengxenye yepulasitiki.
Lapho uklama isikhunta, ngokuya ngobubanzi be-shrinkage bamapulasitiki ahlukahlukene, ubukhulu bodonga kanye nokwakheka kwengxenye yepulasitiki, ubukhulu kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwefomu lokungena, izinga lokushona kwengxenye ngayinye yengxenye yepulasitiki linqunywa ngokuya ngesipiliyoni, futhi Ngemuva kwalokho usayizi we-cavity ubalwa.
Ezingxenyeni zepulasitiki ezinengqondo ephezulu nokuthi kunzima kanjani ukuqonda inani le-shrinkage, izindlela ezilandelayo kufanele zisetshenziselwe ukuklama isikhunta:
Thatha inani elincane le-shrinkage yobubanzi obungaphandle kwengxenye yepulasitiki, kanye nesilinganiso esikhudlwana se-shrinkage se-inani ubukhulu, ukuze kushiye indawo yokulungiswa ngemuva kwesikhunta sokuhlola.
Izilunywa Zokulingisa zinquma ifomu, usayizi kanye nemibandela yokubumba yohlelo lwe-gang.
Izingxenye zepulasitiki okufanele zicutshungulwe zifakwe esikhundleni sokusebenza ngemuva kokuthola ukuguqulwa kosayizi (ukukalwa kumele kube amahora angama-24 ngemuva kokubumba).
Lungisa isikhunta ngokuya nge-shrinkage yangempela.
Phinda uzame isikhunta futhi ngokufanele uguqule izimo zenqubo ukuze uguqule kancane inani le-shrinkage ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zengxenye yepulasitiki.
02
ubisi
1) Uketshezi lwama-thermoplastics ngokuvamile lungahlaziywa ngochungechunge lwezinkomba ezinjengesisindo se-molecular, inkomba ye-archamedes, i-archames spine flow ubude, i-viscosity ebonakalayo yokugeleza (ububanzi be-flow odongeni).
Isisindo esincane samangqamuzana, ukusatshalaliswa kwesisindo okubanzi, ukwakheka okuhle kwamangqamuzana, isikhathi esiphakeme se-molecular, ubude obuhle bokugeleza, isilinganiso esihle, isilinganisi esihle, ipulasitiki enegama lomkhiqizo elifanayo kufanele lihlole ukuthi ngabe uketshezi lwazo lukhona Kusebenza ngokubumba komjovo.
Ngokusho kwezidingo zokwakheka kwesikhunta, uketshezi lwamapulasitiki asetshenziswa kaningi angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu:
Uketshezi oluhle lwe-PA, PE, PS, PP, CA, POLE (4) Methylpene;
Uchungechunge lwe-Fluidity Fluidity Polystyrene Resin (njenge-ABS, as), PMMA, POM, Polyphene Ether;
I-Fluidity PC ye-PC, i-Hard PVC, i-PolyHenene Ether, i-Polysulfone, i-polyaryllssulfone, ama-fluoroplastics.
2) Ukshukela wamapulasitiki ahlukahlukene futhi ushintsha ngenxa yezici ezahlukahlukene zokubumba. Izici eziphambili ezinethonya zimi ngokulandelayo:
Ukushisa okubonakalayo kwe-①Higher kukhulisa ububi, kepha amapulasitiki ahlukene anokwehlukana kwawo, okufana ne-PS (ikakhulukazi lelo anokuphikiswa okuphezulu okuphezulu kanye nenani le-MFR eliphakeme), i-PP, i-ABS, njenge) Uketshezi lwe-PC , CA namanye amapulasitiki ahluka kakhulu ngokushisa. Okwe-PE ne-POM, ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa noma ukuncipha kunomthelela omncane okhweni lwabo. Ngakho-ke, okwangaphambili kufanele kulungise izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokubumba ukulawula i-fluidity.
Lapho ingcindezi yokuhlolisisa umjovo inyuke, okuncibilikisiwe kufakwa emthethweni omkhulu wokugunda, futhi uketshezi futhi luyanda, ikakhulukazi i-PE futhi i-pom ibucayi ngokwengeziwe, ngakho-ke i-umjovo liyashintshwa ukuze lilawule uketshezi ngesikhathi sokubumba.
③Ifomu, usayizi, ukwakheka, ukwakhiwa kohlelo lokupholisa kwesakhiwo sokubumba, ukumelana nokugeleza kwezinto ezincibilikisiwe (njengokuqedwa kwendawo, ukwakheka kwengxenye yesiteshi, uhlelo lokuphelelwa yisikhathi) nezinye izinto ngqo Thinta izinto ezincibilikisiwe emgodini we-fluity wangempela ngaphakathi, uma izinto ezincibilikisiwe zigqugquzelwa ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa futhi zikhuphule ukumelana noketshezi, uketshezi luzoncipha. Lapho uklama isikhunta, isakhiwo esifanelekile kufanele sikhethwe ngokwe-fluidity yepulasitiki esetshenzisiwe.
Ngesikhathi sokubumba, izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo, izinga lokushisa elibumba, ukucindezela komjovo, isivinini somjovo nezinye izinto kungalawulwa ukuze kulungiswe ngesimo sokugcwalisa.
03
Ukukhala ngokucoba ngenhlaka
I-Thermoplastics ingahlukaniswa ngamapulasitiki we-crystalline kanye ne-non-crystalline (eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-amostics) amapulasitiki ngokuya nge-crystallization yabo ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwabo ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwazo ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwazo ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwazo ngesikhathi sokubuyisana.
I-Crystallization Phedenon ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Crystallization isho ukuthi lapho ushintsho lwepulasitiki lusuka esimweni esibunjiwe liye esimweni sokuvuselelwa, ama-molecule ahamba ngokuzimela futhi asesimweni esihlukumezekile. Ama-molecule ayeke ukuhamba ngokukhululeka, cindezela isikhundla esimiswe kancane, futhi abe nokuthambekela kokwenza amalungiselelo e-molecular imodeli ejwayelekile. Le nto.
Izindlela zokubukeka zokwahlulela lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamapulasitiki zinganqunywa ngokusobala kwezingxenye zepulasitiki ezinodonga olubi. Ngokuvamile, izinto ze-crystalline ziyi-opaque noma i-translucent (enjenge-pom, njll.), Nezinto ze-Amorphoous zisobala (njenge-PMMA, njll.). Kepha kukhona okuhlukile. Isibonelo, i-poly (4) methylpene iyipulasitiki ye-crystalline kodwa inokuthula okuphezulu, futhi i-ABS iyinto ebonakalayo kodwa ayisho lutho.
Lapho uklama isikhunta nokukhetha imishini yokubumba yokujoyina, naka izidingo ezilandelayo kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha ze-crystalline plastistics:
Ukushisa okudingekayo ukukhuphula izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo kumazinga okushisa akha ukushisa, nemishini enamandla amakhulu epulasitiki ayadingeka.
Kudedelwa inani elikhulu lokushisa ngesikhathi sokupholisa nokuphindaphinda, ngakho-ke kufanele kuphonswe ngokwanele.
Umehluko ongamazwi adonsela phansi phakathi kombuso oncibilikisiwe kanye nombuso oqinile mkhulu, i-shrinkage yokubumba inkulu, futhi i-shrinkage nama-pores athambekele kuye.
Ukupholisa okusheshayo, i-crystallity ephansi, i-shrinkage encane nokubonakala okuphezulu. I-Crystallity ihlobene nobukhulu bodonga lwengxenye yepulasitiki, futhi ubukhulu bodonga buyephuza ukupholisa, i-crystaltaltity iphezulu, i-shrinkage inkulu, futhi izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zinhle. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokushisa elibumba lezinto ze-crystalline kumele lilawulwe njengoba kudingeka.
I-Anisotropy ibalulekile futhi ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi kukhulu. Ama-molecule athi akhishwe ngenhlamba ngemuva kokuthola ukuthambekela kokuqhubeka nokuqhubeka nokuthuthuka, asesimweni sokungalingani, futhi athambekele ekuguqukeni nasekulweni kwe-warpage.
Uhla lokushisa lwe-Crystallization luncane, futhi kulula ukudala izinto ezingafakwanga ukuthi zifakwe ekubumbeni noma ukuvimba imbobo yokuphakelayo.
04
Ipulasitiki ebucayi ukushisa kanye namapulasitiki ane-hydrolyzed kalula
1) Ukuzwela ukushisa kusho ukuthi amanye amapulasitiki azwela kakhulu ekushiseni. Bazofuthelwa isikhathi eside ekushiseni okuphezulu noma isigaba sokudla okuphakelayo sincane kakhulu. Lapho umphumela wokugunda ukhulu, izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo lizokhulisa kalula ukudala ukuguquguquka, ukonakaliswa kanye nokubola. Ipulasitiki yesimo ibizwa ngokuthi yipulasitiki ebucayi bokushisa.
Njenge-Hard PVC, i-polyvinylidene chloride, i-vinyl acetate copolymer, pom, polychlorotrotrifluorovelene, njll. Ipulasitiki ebucayi ukushisa ikhiqiza ama-monomers, amagesi, ama-solids neminye imikhiqizo ngesikhathi sokubola. Ikakhulu, amanye amagesi okubola anokucasulwa, okuwohloka noma imiphumela enobuthi emzimbeni womuntu, imishini nangezikhunta.
Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe kubumbiso bokubumba, Ukukhethwa komshini wokubumba kokujoyina nokubumba. Umshini wokuhlanganisa umjovo kufanele usetshenziswe. Ingxenye yohlelo lokuthulula kufanele ibe nkulu. Isikhunta nomgqomo kufanele kube yi-chrome-plated. Ngeza i-Stabilizer ukwenza buthaka uzwela lwayo olushisayo.
2) Noma ngabe amanye amapulasitiki (njenge-PC) aqukethe inani elincane lamanzi, azobola ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nengcindezi ephezulu. Le mpahla ibizwa nge-Easy Hydrolysis, okumele ifudumale futhi yomiswe kusengaphambili.
05
Ukucindezela ukuqhekeka nokuncibilikisa ukuncibilika
1) Amanye amapulasitiki azwela ukucindezela. Bathambekele ekucindezelekeni kwangaphakathi ngesikhathi sokubumba futhi bane-brittle futhi kulula ukuqhekeka. Izingxenye zepulasitiki zizoqhekeka ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla angaphandle noma solvent.
Ngalesi sizathu, ngaphezu kokungeza izengezo ezintweni zokwenziwa ezivuthiwe ukwenza ngcono ukumelana nokuqhekeka, kufanele kubhekwe ukuyomisa izinto zokwakha, futhi izimo zokubumba kufanele zikhethwe ngokunengqondo ukuze zinciphise ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi nokukhulisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka. Futhi kufanele ukhethe ukwakheka okunengqondo kwezingxenye zepulasitiki, akufanelekile ukufaka ukufakwa nezinye izinyathelo zokunciphisa ukugxilisa ingcindezi.
Lapho uklama isikhunta, i-angle enobumba kufanele inyuswe, futhi i-inlet ye-inction yokuphakelayo ne-ejection kufanele ikhethwe. Izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo, izinga lokushisa elibumba, ukucindezela komjovo kanye nesikhathi sokupholisa kufanele kulungiswe ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi sokubumba lapho kubumba lapho ingxenye yepulasitiki ibanda kakhulu futhi ibunjiwe, izingxenye zepulasitiki kufanele zibe ngaphansi kokwelashwa kwangemva kokuthuthuka Ukumelana nokuqhekeka, susa ukucindezelwa kwangaphakathi futhi kwenqabe ukuxhumana nabantu be-solvents.
2) Lapho i-polymer incibilika ngenani elithile lokugeleza lidlula emgodini we-nozzle endaweni yokushisa engaguquki kanye nenani elithile lokugeleza lidlula inani elithile, okusobala okuvuthayo ngaphezulu kokuncibilika kwencibilike, okuzolimaza ukubukeka futhi izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zengxenye yepulasitiki. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha ama-polymers ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sokugeleza, ingxenye yesiphambano ye-nozzle, umgijimi, nokuvulwa kokuphakelayo kufanele kunyuswe ukuze kuncishiswe isivinini somjovo futhi wandise izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo.
06
Ukusebenza okushisayo kanye nezinga lokupholisa
1) Amapulasitiki ahlukahlukene anezakhiwo ezihlukile zokushisa ezinjengokushisa okuthile, okuphakelayo okushisayo, kanye nokushisa kokushisa kokushisa. Ukwenza ipulasitiki enokushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu kudinga inani elikhulu lokushisa, kanye nomshini wokubumba umjovo onamandla amakhulu we-spisticing. Isikhathi esipholile sepulasitiki esinamazinga okushisa okushisa okushisa kakhulu kungashodaleke futhi ukulimala kusenesikhathi, kepha ukuguquguquka okupholile kufanele kuvinjelwe ngemuva kokudukiswa.
Amapulasitiki anokuvuka okuphansi okushisayo anezinga lokupholisa kancane (njengama-ionic polymers, njll.), Ngakho-ke kufanele apholile ngokwanele ukuthuthukisa umphumela opholile wokubumba. Izikhunta zokugijima ezishisayo zilungele amapulasitiki anokushisa okuphansi okuphansi nokusebenza okuphezulu okushisayo. Amapulasitiki anokushisa okuningana okuningana, okuvuselelwa okuphansi okushisayo, izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-thermal defformation, kanye nezinga lokupholisa kancane alilungele ukubumba okusheshayo. Imishini yokuhlanganisa yokuhlanganisa yomjovo efanelekile kanye nokupholisa isikhunta esithuthukisiwe kufanele kukhethwe.
2) Kudingeka amapulasitiki ahlukahlukene ukuze alondoloze isilinganiso esifanele sokupholisa ngokuya ngezinhlobo zawo, izici kanye nobumba bezingxenye zepulasitiki. Ngakho-ke, isikhunta kufanele sihlome ngezinhlelo zokushisa nokupholisa ngokuya ngezidingo zokubumba ukuze zilondoloze izinga lokushisa elithile lokubumba. Lapho izinga lokushisa lezinto ezibonakalayo likhulisa izinga lokushisa lokubumba, kufanele liphonswe ukuvikela ingxenye yepulasitiki ekulimaleni ngemuva kokuthola amandla, futhi inciphise i-cyclelloll.
Lapho ukushisa kwemfucuza yepulasitiki kunganele ukugcina isikhunta emazingeni okushisa athile, isikhunta kufanele sihlome ngohlelo lokushisa ukuze sikwazi ukugcina isilinganiso sokupholisa, qinisekisa ukugcwaliswa kwezimo zokugcwalisa noma ukulawula ipulasitiki izingxenye zokwehla kancane. Vimbela ukupholisa okungalingani ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwezingxenye zepulasitiki ezinodonga olubi futhi ukhuphule i-crystaltaltity.
Kulabo abanobubi obuhle, indawo enkulu yokubumba, kanye nokushisa okungalingani, ngokuya ngezimo zokubumba zezingxenye zepulasitiki, kwesinye isikhathi kudinga ukufudumala noma ukuphoqelwa ngokuhlukile noma kuvuthelwe endaweni. Kuze kube manje, isikhunta kufanele sihlome ngohlelo oluhambisanayo lokupholisa noma lokushisa.
07
Hyrroscopicity
Ngoba kunezithasiselo ezahlukahlukene kumapulasitiki, ezibenza zibe neziqu ezahlukahlukene zokuhlangana komswakama, amapulasitiki angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: ukumunca umswakama, nokufakwa komswakama kanye nokubanjwa komswakama. Okuqukethwe kwamanzi okuqukethwe kumele kulawulwe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuvumelekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, umswakama uzoba yigesi noma i-hydrolyze ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphakeme kanye nengcindezi ephezulu, ezodala i-resin to foam, anciphise uketshezi, futhi abukeke kahle kanye nemishini.
Ngakho-ke, amapulasithi we-hygroscopic kumele asanda kusenziwa asanda kusenziwa ngezindlela ezifanele zokushisa kanye nokucaciswa njengoba kudingeka ukuvikela ukufakwa kabusha komswakama ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
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Isikhathi sePosi: Sep-27-2021